Nri Parent Director Kyc Din Dsc Disqualification Winding Up...

The first and most consequential decision the NRI senior-parent private limited company household makes is whether to use a director KYC pathway (Form DIR-3 DIN allotment + Form DIR-12 director appointment + Form MBP-1 + Form MBP-2 + Form DPT-3 + Form DIR-8 + DSC (Digital Signature Certificate) Class 2 or Class 3 + Aadhaar + PAN + passport + DIN renewal every 10y + DSC renewal every 2-3y) or a disqualification + vacation + insolvency pathway (Section 164(2) disqualification + Section 167 vacation of office + Section 169 vacation on insolvency + Section 188 related party transaction without prior approval by special resolution) or a director duties + fraud pathway (Section 184 + 185 + 186 + 188 director duty + Section 447 fraud + imprisonment up to 10 years + fine up to INR 25 lakh) or an entity classification pathway (Section 149 independent director + Section 149(1) women director + Section 149(1) resident director + Section 2(85) small company + Section 2(62) one person company (OPC) + Section 8 company + Section 406 Nidhi company + Section 581 producer company + Section 379 + 380 + 381 + 382 + 392 foreign company) or a winding up + insolvency + IBC + SFIO + succession pathway (Section 433 + 434 + 439 winding up + NCLT + NCLAT + IBC Code 2016 + Section 7 + 9 + 12 CIRP + Section 29A disqualified director + Section 14 resolution plan + FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x + FEMA adjudication + SFIO + ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation + succession for private limited company + Will + nominee + legal heir + succession certificate + probate of Will + share transmission register + FEMA USD 1M / year repatriation for NRI heir). Each one serves a different senior 60+ parent private limited + director + DIN + DSC + disqualification + vacation + director duties + IBC + FEMA compounding + succession need and triggers a different director KYC + DIN + DSC + disqualification + vacation + director duties + IBC + FEMA compounding + succession + ITR-6 + Form 67 + TRC + DTAA + Schedule FA + FEMA USD 1M / year outcome. Pick the wrong one and the NRI senior parent pays INR 2-15 lakh / year extra tax + FEMA USD 1M / year window loss + 30% Section 271 penalty for non-filing + Section 447 fraud + imprisonment up to 10 years + fine up to INR 25 lakh + DIN deactivation + ROC strike-off + NCLT / NCLAT / IBC + Section 29A disqualified director + FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x the amount in violation for missed Form FC-GPR / FC-TRS window.

Director KYC is the operational foundation. Companies Act 2013 + Income Tax Act 1961 Section 17(1) + 17(2) + 17(3) + TDS 192 + Form DIR-3 DIN allotment + Form DIR-12 director appointment + Form MBP-1 + Form MBP-2 + Form DPT-3 + Form DIR-8 + DSC (Digital Signature Certificate) Class 2 or Class 3 + Aadhaar + PAN + passport + Aadhaar KYC for foreign nationals specify the director KYC: (1) Form DIR-3 DIN allotment - every director of a private limited company must obtain a unique DIN from MCA before appointment + DIN is a unique identification number (12 digits) + DIN is required for signing any document on behalf of the company + DIN renewal every 10 years. (2) Form DIR-12 director appointment - private limited company must file Form DIR-12 within 30 days of director appointment + Form DIR-12 includes director name + DIN + PAN + Aadhaar + passport + address + nationality + occupation + date of appointment + date of cessation if any + DSC (Digital Signature Certificate). (3) Form MBP-1 + Form MBP-2 - disclosure of interest in contracts + first director meeting + annual general meeting disclosure + Form MBP-1 within 30 days of appointment + Form MBP-2 within 30 days of change in interest. (4) Form DPT-3 - return of deposits + annual return of deposits + Form DPT-3 by 30-June for outstanding deposits + Form DPT-3 by 30-June for deposits accepted during the year. (5) Form DIR-8 - disclosure of non-disqualification under Section 164(2) + vacation of office + insolvency + related party transaction + Form DIR-8 by 30-April every year for each director. (6) Form DIR-9 + Form DIR-10 + Form DIR-11 - additional disclosures for independent director + women director + resident director. (7) DSC (Digital Signature Certificate) Class 2 or Class 3 - mandatory for signing annual return + financial statements + board resolutions + MCA filings + IT filings + GST filings + bank filings + DIN application + 2-year validity + Class 2 for individuals + Class 3 for organizations + Class 3 for foreign nationals. (8) DIN renewal every 10 years + DSC renewal every 2-3 years + Aadhaar KYC for foreign nationals (OCI + NRI). The catch: if Form DIR-3 DIN allotment + Form DIR-12 director appointment + Form MBP-1 + Form MBP-2 + Form DPT-3 + Form DIR-8 + DSC (Digital Signature Certificate) Class 2 or Class 3 + Aadhaar + PAN + passport + Aadhaar KYC for foreign nationals (OCI + NRI) are not filed within 30 days, the director is deemed disqualified under Section 164(2) + DIN is deactivated + ROC strike-off + NCLT winding up.

Disqualification + vacation + insolvency is the regulatory trigger. Companies Act 2013 + Section 164(2) + Section 167 + Section 169 + Section 188 specify the disqualification + vacation + insolvency: (1) Section 164(2) disqualification - undischarged insolvent + convicted of offence + convicted of offence involving moral turpitude + has not paid dues + Section 188 related party + director of struck-off company + private limited company struck-off under Section 248. (2) Section 167 vacation of office - absent from all board meetings for 12 months + disqualified under Section 164(2) + automatic vacation on insolvency + Form DIR-12 within 30 days of vacation. (3) Section 169 vacation on insolvency - adjudication order + bankruptcy trustee appointment + Form DIR-12 within 30 days of vacation. (4) Section 188 related party transaction - related party transaction without prior approval by special resolution + Form MGT-14 + Form AOC-4 + 30% Section 271 penalty + DIN deactivation + ROC strike-off + NCLT winding up. (5) Restoration of DIN - apply for restoration within 3 years of vacation + Form DIR-12 + Form MGT-14 + affidavit + indemnity bond + DIN reactivation fee INR 5,000. (6) Restoration of private limited company struck-off - apply for restoration within 20 years of strike-off + Form INC-28 + Form MGT-14 + Form AOC-4 + Form MGT-7 + affidavit + indemnity bond + NCLT order for restoration. (7) Section 447 fraud - fraud in relation to the affairs of the company + imprisonment up to 10 years + fine up to INR 25 lakh + no minimum fine + no mandatory minimum imprisonment + if fraud involves public interest + imprisonment 3-10 years. The catch: if private limited company does not maintain active status + annual return + Form AOC-4 + Form MGT-7 + Form MGT-14 + Form DIR-12 + Form PAS-3 + Form FC-GPR + Form FC-TRS within prescribed time + Section 248 ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation + NCLT winding up + FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x.

Entity classification is the structural choice. Companies Act 2013 + Section 149 + Section 149(1) + Section 2(85) + Section 2(62) + Section 8 + Section 406 + Section 581 + Section 379 + 380 + 381 + 382 + 392 specify the entity classification: (1) Section 149 independent director - 50% of board must be independent director if paid-up capital > INR 10 crore or turnover > INR 100 crore or outstanding loans + debentures + deposits > INR 50 crore. Independent director must not be related to promoter + director + KMP (key managerial personnel) + must not have material pecuniary relationship with company + must have 5+ years experience in finance + law + management + technology + must attend training programme as per schedule IV of Companies Act 2013 + must hold at least 1 board meeting in a year without presence of non-independent director + must not be on board of more than 7 listed companies + 20% of board can be independent director in non-listed company. (2) Section 149(1) women director - every listed company + public company with paid-up capital > INR 100 crore must have at least 1 woman director + woman director must be Indian citizen + resident + not disqualified under Section 164(2). (3) Section 149(1) resident director - every company must have at least 1 director who has stayed in India for not less than 182 days in the previous calendar year. (4) Section 2(85) small company - paid-up capital <= INR 4 crore + turnover <= INR 40 crore + can elect to be small company for less compliance. (5) Section 2(62) one person company (OPC) - 1 person + 1 director + no minimum paid-up capital + only Indian citizen resident + only individual + nominee must be Indian citizen resident + 200% of OPC can be converted to private limited after 2 years + INR 50 lakh paid-up capital or INR 2 crore turnover. (6) Section 8 company - not-for-profit + charitable + religious + educational + scientific + 12A + 80G + no minimum paid-up capital. (7) Section 406 Nidhi company - mutual benefit + only members + INR 5 lakh minimum paid-up capital + 200 members minimum + 80% lending to members. (8) Section 581 producer company - 10 or more primary producers + 5 directors + INR 1 lakh minimum paid-up capital + producer + cooperative. (9) Section 379 + 380 + 381 + 382 + 392 foreign company - foreign company having place of business in India + register with ROC within 30 days + annual return + financial statements + Section 379 + 380 + 381 + 382 + 392. The catch: senior 60+ parent director who lives abroad cannot be the only director of an Indian private limited company + at least 1 director must be resident in India for 182 days in the previous calendar year.

Winding up + insolvency + IBC + SFIO is the regulatory enforcement. Companies Act 2013 + Section 433 + 434 + 439 + IBC Code 2016 + SFIO specify the winding up + insolvency + IBC: (1) Section 433 + 434 + 439 winding up - private limited company can be wound up by NCLT on petition by company + contributory + registrar + any person authorized by central government + Section 433 + 434 + 439 + winding up petition + Section 466 advertisement + Section 481 dissolution + Section 482 appeal. (2) IBC Code 2016 Section 7 financial creditor CIRP (Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process) - financial creditor can file application for CIRP against corporate debtor if default in payment of INR 1 crore + (insert default threshold per IBBI). (3) IBC Code 2016 Section 9 operational creditor CIRP - operational creditor can file application for CIRP against corporate debtor if default in payment of INR 1 lakh + (insert default threshold per IBBI). (4) IBC Code 2016 Section 12 corporate debtor CIRP - corporate debtor itself can file application for CIRP if unable to pay debts. (5) IBC Code 2016 Section 13 admission - NCLT admits application + Section 14 moratorium + Section 17 + 54 fresh start order. (6) IBC Code 2016 Section 33 IRP (Interim Resolution Professional) + RP (Resolution Professional) + CoC (Committee of Creditors). (7) IBC Code 2016 Section 53 waterfall - secured creditor + FC (financial creditor) + OC (operational creditor) + employee + government + preference shareholder + equity shareholder. (8) IBC Code 2016 Section 54 secured creditor + Section 57 FC. (9) IBC Code 2016 Section 29A disqualified director - director of unsound mind + undischarged insolvent + convicted of offence + connected with management of wilful defaulter + connected with management of company convicted under Section 188 related party transaction + Section 164(2) disqualified director + Section 14(3) Insolvency + Section 12 + 16 + 18 + 22 + 24 + 26 + 28 + 29 RP. (10) IBC Code 2016 Section 14 resolution plan - resolution plan submitted by RP + CoC + NCLT approval + Section 30 + 31. (11) FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x the amount in violation for missed Form FC-GPR / FC-TRS window. (12) SFIO (Serious Fraud Investigation Office) investigation under Section 447 + Section 448 + Section 449 Companies Act 2013 + arrest + search + seizure + attachment + freezing + foreign exchange + FEMA violation + cross-border fraud + forensic audit. The catch: if senior 60+ parent private limited company defaults in payment of INR 1 lakh + (insert default threshold per IBBI), NCLT admits application + Section 14 moratorium + Section 17 + 54 fresh start order + Section 33 IRP + RP + CoC + Section 53 waterfall + Section 14 resolution plan + Section 29A disqualified director + FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x + SFIO investigation + ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation.

FEMA USD 1M / year + succession is the post-tax + post-Winding up + post-IBC + post-SFIO repatriation. After the senior 60+ parent + NRI director + NRI shareholder + NRI heir pays the personal + company tax (Section 17(1) + 17(2) + 17(3) + Section 192 TDS + Section 194 dividend TDS + Section 194T partner remuneration TDS + Section 115QA buyback tax + Section 17(2)(vi) ESOP perquisite + Section 45 + 48 + Section 56(2)(vii) + Section 50C + Section 2(22)(a) deemed dividend + Section 68 / 69 cash credit + Section 115BAA / 115BAB concessional 22% / 15% for private limited + Section 115JB MAT + books of accounts + audit Section 44AB + FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x + Section 248 ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation + Section 433 + 434 + 439 winding up + Section 7 + 9 + 12 IBC CIRP + Section 29A disqualified director + Section 14 resolution plan), the NRI director + NRI shareholder + NRI heir can repatriate the net director salary + dividend + buyback + ESOP + share transfer proceeds + inheritance (after TDS + tax + deductions + FEMA USD 1M / year limit) under FEMA USD 1M / year. The USD 1M / year limit is combined across all properties + all sources of capital gains + rent + business + salary + dividend + buyback + partner remuneration + director salary + ESOP + sweat equity + share transfer + inheritance + all foreign currency remittances. The repatriation requires Form 15CB (CA certificate confirming the tax has been paid / deducted on the director salary + dividend + buyback + ESOP + share transfer + inheritance) + AD-1 bank + NRO account + repatriation proof (FIRC + bank statement) for 7 years (Indian) + 10 years (US/UK/CA/AU). If the NRI director + NRI shareholder + NRI heir remits the net director salary + dividend + buyback + ESOP + share transfer + inheritance abroad, TCS 5% Section 206C(1G) applies above INR 50 lakh (Finance Act 2020) + Section 195 TDS for NRI remittance + Section 192 salary TDS + Section 194 dividend TDS + Section 194T partner remuneration TDS post 2024 + Section 115QA buyback TDS 23.296%. The catch: the NRI director + NRI shareholder + NRI heir must apply for FEMA USD 1M / year within 12 months of the director salary + dividend + buyback + ESOP + share transfer + inheritance receipt to avoid the FEMA USD 1M / year window being missed.

The trade-off: director KYC is the operational foundation (Form DIR-3 DIN allotment + Form DIR-12 director appointment + Form MBP-1 + Form MBP-2 + Form DPT-3 + Form DIR-8 + DSC Class 2 or Class 3 + Aadhaar + PAN + passport + DIN renewal every 10y + DSC renewal every 2-3y), disqualification + vacation + insolvency is the regulatory trigger (Section 164(2) disqualification + Section 167 vacation of office + Section 169 vacation on insolvency + Section 188 related party transaction without prior approval by special resolution + Section 248 ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation), director duties + fraud is the regulatory enforcement (Section 184 + 185 + 186 + 188 director duty + Section 447 fraud + imprisonment up to 10 years + fine up to INR 25 lakh + Section 448 false statement + Section 449 penalty for false statement + Section 450 penalty for improper use of seal), entity classification is the structural choice (Section 149 independent director + Section 149(1) women director + Section 149(1) resident director + Section 2(85) small company + Section 2(62) one person company (OPC) + Section 8 company + Section 406 Nidhi company + Section 581 producer company + Section 379 + 380 + 381 + 382 + 392 foreign company), winding up + insolvency + IBC + SFIO is the regulatory enforcement (Section 433 + 434 + 439 winding up + NCLT + NCLAT + IBC Code 2016 + Section 7 + 9 + 12 CIRP + Section 13 admission + Section 14 moratorium + Section 17 + 54 fresh start + Section 29A disqualified director + Section 14 resolution plan + FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x + SFIO investigation + Section 248 ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation + Will + nominee + legal heir + succession certificate + probate of Will + share transmission register + Form FC-TRS within 60 days for NRI heir). For most NRI senior-parent private limited + director + DIN + DSC + disqualification + vacation + director duties + IBC + FEMA compounding + succession scenarios, the right answer is: determine compliance category (T-3m to T-1m) + director KYC + Form DIR-3 DIN allotment + Form DIR-12 director appointment + Form MBP-1 + Form MBP-2 + Form DPT-3 + Form DIR-8 + DSC Class 2 or Class 3 + Aadhaar + PAN + passport (T-1m to T+0) + monthly / quarterly director salary + TDS 192 + Form 16 + Form 24Q + Form 12BA (T+0 ongoing) + dividend declaration + Section 194 TDS + Section 2(22)(a) deemed dividend (T+0 annual) + share buyback resolution + Section 115QA 23.296% tax + Form SH-8 + Form SH-9 + Form SH-11 + Form MGT-14 + Form PAS-3 + Form FC-TRS within 60 days for NRI shareholder (T+0 to T+60d) + ESOP grant + ESOP exercise + sweat equity Section 53A + Section 17(2)(vi) perquisite + TDS 192 (T+0 to T+vesting) + share transfer Section 56(2)(vii) + Section 50C + Section 45 + 48 + 111A + 112A + 112 + Form FC-TRS within 60 days for NRI (T+0 to T+60d) + disqualification Section 164(2) + vacation Section 167 + insolvency Section 169 + winding up Section 433 + 434 + 439 + NCLT + IBC Code 2016 + Section 7 + 9 + 12 CIRP + Section 29A disqualified director + Section 14 resolution plan (T+0 to T+365d for default + T+annual for renewal) + ITR-6 + Form 67 + TRC + DTAA + Schedule FA + 80C + 80D + 80DDB + Form 10-I + Section 80CCD(1B) + advance tax 4 instalments (AY by 31-July + quarterly) + FEMA USD 1M / year repatriation for NRI director salary + dividend + buyback + ESOP + share transfer + inheritance (T+post-ITR within 12m) + Will + nominee + legal heir + succession certificate + probate of Will + share transmission register + Form FC-TRS within 60 days for NRI heir + Aadhaar + PAN + bank + MF + demat + OCI propagation within 90 days of death + 7y Indian + 10y US/UK/CA/AU retention.

Six decisions in the NRI parent director + DIN + DSC + disqualification + vacation + director duties + IBC + FEMA compounding + succession arc have outsized financial impact. Each is a place where the wrong call costs the NRI senior parent + NRI director + NRI shareholder + NRI heir INR 2-15 lakh / year over 5-10y - and where the right call preserves the FEMA USD 1M / year repatriation window + Section 17(1) + 17(2) + 17(3) + Section 192 salary TDS + Section 194 dividend TDS + Section 194T partner remuneration TDS + Section 115QA buyback tax + Section 17(2)(vi) ESOP perquisite + Section 49(2)(iii) cost of acquisition + Section 56(2)(vii) + Section 50C + Section 45 + 48 + capital gains + ITR-6 + Schedule BP + Form 67 + TRC + DTAA claim.

Decision 1: Compliance category. Pick director KYC + DIN + DSC pathway for active director + DSC + 30-day compliance. Pick disqualification + vacation + insolvency pathway for monitoring Section 164(2) + Section 167 + Section 169 + restoration within 3 years. Pick director duties + fraud pathway for monitoring Section 184 + 185 + 186 + 188 + Section 447 fraud. Pick entity classification pathway for Section 149 independent director + Section 149(1) women director + Section 149(1) resident director + small company + OPC + Section 8 + Nidhi + producer + foreign company. Pick winding up + insolvency + IBC + SFIO + succession pathway for monitoring Section 433 + 434 + 439 + IBC Section 7 + 9 + 12 + Section 29A disqualified + Section 14 resolution plan + FEMA compounding + SFIO + ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation. Wrong pick: senior 60+ parent + NRI director is disqualified under Section 164(2) (undischarged insolvent + convicted of offence + convicted of offence involving moral turpitude + has not paid dues + Section 188 related party + director of struck-off company), DIN is deactivated + ROC strike-off + NCLT winding up + FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x + Section 29A disqualified director under IBC Code 2016.

Decision 2: Section 164(2) disqualification + Section 167 vacation of office + Section 169 vacation on insolvency. Pick Section 164(2) non-disqualification for active director + DSC + 30-day compliance + Form DIR-12 + Form DIR-8 annual disclosure. Pick Section 167 non-vacation for 100% board meeting attendance + alternate director for remaining 50%. Pick Section 169 non-insolvency for monitoring + advance tax + self-assessment tax + refund + audit + Form 3CD + Form 3CEB + 100% payment of debts. Wrong pick: senior 60+ parent + NRI director is convicted of offence involving moral turpitude + has not paid dues + Section 188 related party + director of struck-off company, DIN is deactivated + ROC strike-off + NCLT winding up + 30% Section 271 penalty + Section 447 fraud + imprisonment up to 10 years + fine up to INR 25 lakh.

Decision 3: Section 184 + 185 + 186 + 188 director duties + Section 447 fraud. Act in good faith in best interests of company + its members + its employees + the shareholders + the community + for the protection of the environment. Exercise duties with due and reasonable care + skill + diligence + exercise independent judgment. Avoid situation in which he may have a direct or indirect interest that conflicts with the interest of the company. Avoid undue gain or advantage either to himself or to his relatives + partners + associates. Wrong pick: senior 60+ parent + NRI director breaches Section 184 + 185 + 186 + 188 + commits Section 447 fraud (siphoning of funds + misappropriation of assets + falsification of books + fraudulent transfer + fraudulent issue + fraudulent preference + fraudulent concealment), pays imprisonment up to 10 years + fine up to INR 25 lakh + 30% Section 271 penalty + DIN deactivation + ROC strike-off + NCLT winding up.

Decision 4: Entity classification (Section 149 independent director + Section 149(1) women director + Section 149(1) resident director + Section 2(85) small company + Section 2(62) one person company (OPC) + Section 8 company + Section 406 Nidhi company + Section 581 producer company + Section 379 + 380 + 381 + 382 + 392 foreign company). Pick Section 149 independent director for paid-up capital > INR 10 crore + turnover > INR 100 crore + outstanding loans + debentures + deposits > INR 50 crore. Pick Section 149(1) women director for listed company + public company with paid-up capital > INR 100 crore. Pick Section 149(1) resident director for every company (at least 1 director in India for 182 days in the previous calendar year). Pick Section 2(85) small company for paid-up capital <= INR 4 crore + turnover <= INR 40 crore. Pick Section 2(62) OPC for 1 person + 1 director + INR 50 lakh paid-up capital or INR 2 crore turnover (convert to pvt ltd after 2y). Pick Section 8 for not-for-profit + 12A + 80G. Pick Section 406 Nidhi for mutual benefit + INR 5 lakh minimum paid-up capital. Pick Section 581 producer for 10 or more primary producers. Wrong pick: senior 60+ parent private limited company fails to comply with Section 149 + Section 149(1) + Section 149(1) + Section 2(85) + Section 2(62) + Section 8 + Section 406 + Section 581 + Section 379 + 380 + 381 + 382 + 392, pays INR 50,000-5,00,000 penalty + ROC strike-off + DIN deactivation + NCLT winding up.

Decision 5: ITR-6 + Form 67 + TRC + DTAA + Schedule FA. File ITR-6 for private limited company for AY of business income by 31-July + Schedule BP + Schedule P&L + Schedule BS + Schedule FA + Form 67 + TRC + DTAA + 8-year carry forward per Section 90(4) + Section 17(1) + 17(2) + 17(3) + Section 192 salary TDS + Section 194 dividend TDS + Section 194T partner remuneration TDS + Section 115QA buyback tax + Section 115BAA / 115BAB 22% / 15% concessional + Section 115JB MAT + advance tax 4 instalments. Wrong pick: private limited company does not file ITR-6 within 31-July, pays Section 234F late filing fee INR 1,000-5,000 + Section 234B + 234C interest for advance tax default + 30% penalty Section 271 for non-filing + Section 115JB MAT 15% book profit + interest + penalty + DIN deactivation + ROC strike-off + NCLT winding up. Or NRI director + NRI shareholder does not file Form 67 + TRC + DTAA, loses foreign tax credit benefit + pays more tax than required + 30% penalty Section 271 for non-filing + Section 234B + 234C interest.

Decision 6: FEMA USD 1M / year timing + Will + nominee + legal heir + succession certificate + probate of Will + share transmission register + Form FC-TRS within 60 days for NRI heir. Apply for FEMA USD 1M / year repatriation within 12 months of the director salary + dividend + buyback + ESOP + share transfer + inheritance receipt. Prepare Will + nominee + legal heir + succession certificate + probate of Will + share transmission register + Form SH-8 + SH-9 + SH-11 + Form MGT-14 + Form PAS-3 + Form FC-TRS within 60 days for NRI heir. Wrong pick: NRI director + NRI shareholder + NRI heir does not apply for FEMA USD 1M / year within 12 months, director salary + dividend + buyback + ESOP + share transfer + inheritance proceeds locked in India + must re-apply via RBI + additional documentation + delay 6-12 months. Or NRI director + NRI shareholder remits more than USD 1M / year combined across all properties + all sources of capital gains + rent + business + salary + dividend + buyback + partner remuneration + director salary + ESOP + sweat equity + share transfer + inheritance, must obtain RBI approval + LRS Liberized Remittance Scheme compliance. Or NRI shareholder does not file Form FC-TRS within 60 days of share buyback / share transfer, FEMA compounding penalty up to 3x the amount in violation + 30% Section 271 penalty for non-disclosure + FEMA contravention + ARFC reporting failure.